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The Manych ((ロシア語:Маныч)) is a river in the western and central part of the Kuma–Manych Depression in southern Russia. A tributary of the Don, it is long, with its source in Lake Manych-Gudilo in the southwestern part of the Republic of Kalmykia. It flows through the town of Proletarsk and joins the Don River in Manychskaya, east of the city of Rostov-on-Don.〔(West Manych ) (Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences) 〕 There are three reservoirs on the Manych, listed from upstream to downstream:〔 *Proletarsk (Proletarskoye) Reservoir (Пролетарское водохранилище) (Dam at , near the town of Proletarsk) *Vesyolovskoye Reservoir (Весёловское водохранилище) (Dam at , near Vesyoly). *Ust-Manych (Ust-Manychskoye) Reservoir (Усть-Манычское водохранилище) (Dam at ) The Proletarsk Dam is sufficiently high to raise the water level in Lake Manych-Gudilo upstream from it, so in fact the lake has become part of the Proletarsk Reservoir. The three reservoirs (and Lake Manych-Gudilo) form an almost continuous chain, the original course of the river being almost entirely flooded by them. According to the calculations of the Russian geographer Alexander Bazelyuk, merely 9.1 km of the length of the West Manych river remains in its original "river" (rather than reservoir form): 8.2 km from the Vesyolovsk Dam to the upper reaches of the Ust-Manych Reservoir, and 0.9 km from the Ust-Manych Dam to the river's fall into the Don.〔Alexander A. Bazelyuk (А.А. Базелюк ), "Changes in the hydrographic network of river basins. The West and East Manych in the 19-20th centuries". In: "(Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference on the Preservation of the Wetlands Biodiversity and Sustainable Use of the Biological Resources of the Steppe Zone )", Rostov-na-Donu, 2007. 〕 ==The common source== Formerly, the upper reaches of the West and East Manych were connected, at least in wet years or seasons. The Kalaus River, when reaching the thalweg of the Kuma–Manych Depression at , would split: the left distributary, flowing north and then west, toward Lake Manych-Gudilo, would become the source of the West Manych, while the right distributary, flowing south and then east, would become the headwaters of the East Manych. During the 20th century, most of the water went into the eastern distributary, until it was dammed. Later, a solid dam was built at this point, preventing any water from flowing from the Kalaus into the East Manych, thus making the Kalaus the source of only the West Manych. 〔Alexander Anatolievich Bazelyuk (Базелюк Александр Анатольевич), "(АНТРОПОГЕННОЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ГИДРОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ СЕТИ КУМО-МАНЫЧСКОЙ ВПАДИНЫ )" (Anthropogenic changes in the Hydrographic Network of the Kuma-Manych Depression), summary of the Cand. Sci. dissertation. Rostov-na-Donu, 2007. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manych River」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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